The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is colonized by a highly complex mixture of microorganisms that establish a mutualistic relationship with the host. The defence system of the intestine comprises an epithelial layer and a plethora of immune cells that restrict commensals within the gut while preserving their number and diversity. Conversely, commensals are required for the development of a fully functional immune system.  There is growing evidence for a key role for iNKT cells, CD1d expression and lipid presentation in the modulation of intestinal immunity. iNKT cell recognise lipids from commensals and many mucosal cell populations (dendritic cells, B cells, intestinal epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells) are able to internalise and load lipids on CD1d, yet the contribution of the distinct CD1d⁺ populations to intestinal immunity remains poorly understood. We have recently investigated how CD1d+ cells contribute to the presentation of intestinal lipids, the effect that they exert on mucosal iNKT cells and ultimately their role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis.