Adipose tissue harbors a unique and diverse immune compartment that is important for physiologic responses to fasting and feeding, and more recently, regulation of body weight and thermogenesis. Much of what we know about the adipose tissue immune system comes from obesity studies where perturbations in immune cells or signaling molecules can either protect or contribute to local and systemic inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance. However, the immune compartment of adipose tissue from lean healthy mice and humans is substantial and little is known about its role at steady state. Approximately 80-90% of the adipose immune system is innate, and enriched for ‘unconventional’ invariant T cells, including iNKT cells, MAIT cells and gd T cells. Here we show an enriched, tissue-resident population of γδ T cells in the adipose tissue that control core body temperature in response to temperature fluctuations.  They do this through cross-talk with stromal cells that provide critical cues in thermogenic regulation. While γδ T cells are thought is as the guardians at barrier sites, less is known about their steady state role in non-barrier tissues. Our findings unravel an unexpected physiological role for γδ T cells as an important communication bridge for the induction of adaptive thermogenesis.